The Universe 25 Experiment, also known as the Mouse Utopia Experiment, was conducted by John B. Calhoun in the early 1960s to study the effects of overcrowding and social decay in mice populations. The experiment was based on the idea of a "utopia" for mice, where all their basic needs such as food, water, and shelter were provided, and reproduction was unrestricted.
The experiment was conducted in a 9x9x8-foot enclosure that was designed to accommodate up to 3,000 mice. Initially, the population grew rapidly and reached a maximum of 2,200 mice within the first 600 days. However, after this point, the population began to decline, and by day 1,560, the population had fallen to just 220.
The experiment revealed some shocking and disturbing findings. As the population grew, the mice began to exhibit abnormal behavior, including aggression, cannibalism, and a breakdown in social structure. Male mice became increasingly violent, attacking females and young mice, while females became indifferent to their offspring, leading to the death of many young mice. The overcrowding also led to a lack of resources, causing many mice to die from starvation and dehydration.
As the population continued to decline, the remaining mice became more and more isolated, and many showed signs of psychological distress. They became withdrawn, inactive, and unresponsive, and many of them stopped reproducing altogether. In the end, the population declined to the point of extinction.
The experiment raised many ethical questions, particularly around animal welfare and the implications of applying the findings to human populations. It also highlighted the dangers of overcrowding and social decay in any population, including humans, and the importance of maintaining social structure and providing adequate resources to prevent these issues.
In conclusion, the Universe 25 Experiment remains a cautionary tale of the consequences of ignoring the impact of social structure and resource availability on population dynamics, and serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining healthy social and environmental conditions for any population to thrive